| Common Name | Chemical Name | Chemical Formula |
| Baking Soda | Sodium hydrogen carbonate or Sodium bicarbonate | NaHCO3 |
| Baryta | Barium hydroxide | Ba(OH)2 |
| Bleach (laundry) | Sodium hypochlorite | NaOCl |
| Bleaching powder | Calcium hypochlorite | Ca(ClO)2 |
| Blue Vitriol | Copper sulfate pentahydrate | CuSO4.5 H2O |
| Borax | Sodium tetraborate decahydrate | Na2B4O7.10 H2O |
| Calomel | Mercurous chloride | HgCl |
| Carbolic acid | Phenol | C6H5OH |
| Carborundum | Silicon carbide | SiC |
| Caustic Potash | Potassium hydroxide | KOH |
| Chile Saltpeter | Sodium nitrate | NaNO3 |
| Chloroform | Trichloromethane | CHCl3 |
| Cream of tartar | Potassium hydrogen tartrate/ Potassium bitartrate | KHC4H4O6 |
| Dolomite | Calcium Magnesium carbonate | CaMg(CO3)2 |
| Dry Ice | Solid Carbon dioxide | CO2 |
| Epsom salt | Magnesium sulfate heptahydrate | MgSO4.7 H2O |
| Freon | Dichlorodifluoromethane | CF2Cl2 |
| Galena | Lead (II) sulfide | PbS |
| Glauber’s Salt | Sodium Sulfate decahydrate | Na2SO4.10H2O |
| Glycerin | Trihydroxy propanol | C3H8O3 |
| Green Vitriol | Ferrous sulfate heptahydrate | FeSO4.7 H2O |
| Gypsum | Calcium sulfate dihydrate | CaSO4.2H2O |
| Heavy Water | Deuterium Oxide | D2O |
| Hypo | Sodium Thiosulfate pentahydrate | Na2S2O3. 5H2O |
| Iron pyrite (fool’s gold) | Iron disulfide | FeS2 |
| Jeweler’s Rouge/Red Rouge | Iron(III) Oxide/ Ferric Oxide | Fe2O3 |
| Laughing gas | Dinitrogen oxide/Nitrous Oxide | N2O |
| Lime | Calcium Oxide | CaO |
| Limestone | Calcium carbonate | CaCO3 |
| Litharge | Lead(II) Oxide | PbO |
| Lunar Caustic | Silver Nitrate | AgNO3 |
| Lye/Caustic Soda | Sodium Hydroxide | NaOH |
| Marsh Gas | Methane | CH4 |
| MEK | Methyl ethyl ketone/Butanone | CH3COC2H5 |
| Milk of magnesia | Magnesium hydroxide | Mg(OH)2 |
| Mohr’s Salt | Ammonium Ferrous Sulfate Hexahydrate | (NH4)2Fe(SO4)2∙6H2O |
| Muriatic acid | Hydrochloric acid | HCl |
| Oil of Vitriol | Sulfuric acid | H2SO4 |
| Oil of wintergreen | Methyl salicylate | C8H8O3 |
| Phosgene | Carbonyl dichloride | COCl2 |
| Plaster of Paris | Calcium sulfate hemi-hydrate | CaSO4.½ H2O |
| Potash Alum | Potassium Aluminium sulfate dodecahydrate | AlK(SO4)2∙12H2O |
| Rochelle Salt | Potassium Sodium Tartrate | KNaC4H4O6∙4H2O |
| Quartz | Silicon dioxide | SiO2 |
| Quicksilver | Mercury | Hg |
| Rock Salt | Sodium Chloride | NaCl |
| Rubbing alcohol/IPA | Isopropyl alcohol | (CH3)2CHOH |
| Sal ammoniac | Ammonium chloride | NH4Cl |
| Saltpeter | Potassium nitrate | KNO3 |
| Slaked Lime | Calcium hydroxide | Ca(OH)2 |
| TNT | Trinitrotoluene | C6H2(NO2)3CH3 |
| Vermillion/Cinnabar | Mercuric sulfide | HgS |
| Washing Soda | Sodium carbonate decahydrate | Na2CO3. 10 H2O |
| White Vitriol | Zinc sulfate heptahydrate | ZnSO4.7 H2O |